Language Variation and Dialect in Bengkulu

If we take a long journey pass through many area. We will fid so  many different language varities that may sound strange for us. This cause Language has so many varieties. It has pidgin, creole and dialect. That’s why I feel it it is interesting study as I decide to use this term as my mini research.

This article will talk about dialect as one of language varieties. Dialect is divided into social dialect and regional dialect, and this article will give information about what regional dialect is and what the real examples between Seluma dialect  and Manna dialect. Then, we can more understand about Regional matery.

1. Wardhaugh (1972)

Dialect is a variety of a language associated with a particular group of  peakers and mutually intelligible with other varieties. 

2. Fishman (1972)

Dialect must be a regional subunit in relation to a language, particularly in its vernacular or spoken realization. “Language” is a super-ordinate designation; “dialect” is a subordinate designation. on the other hand, there is a difference of size, because a language is larger than a dialect.

By those definition of dialect, we can conclude that language is larger that a dialect. The dialect is a variety of the language and used by a group of people in social class or in regional or geographical area.

A regional dialect is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country. Some regional dialects have been given traditional names which mark them out as being significantly different from standard varieties spoken in the same place.

A regional dialect is the distinct form of a language spoken in a certain geographical area. For example, we might speak of Ozark dialects or Appalachian dialects, on the grounds that inhabitants of these regions have certain distinct linguistic features that differentiate them from speakers of other forms of English.

Characteristics of Regional Dialect

• Different Pronunciation

• Different Vocabulary&/ Syntax

From those definition, I would like to explain about different between Seluma dialect and Manna dialect based on was observed.

From the observation, the writer find the different of the pronunciation and the vocabulary of Manna  dialect and  Seluma dialect.

2.1 Different Pronounciation

word	Nothing	Why	where	who
Seluma	Nido	Ngapo	mano	sapo
Manna	Nidau	Ngapau	manau	Sapau

From those observation, we can see that the same word and meaning but they have different pronunciation.

2.2 Different Vocabulary

word	you(plural)	place	Boyfriend/girlfriend	seesight
Seluma	peghaba	bada	Senandutan	ngerayau
Manna	kuti	guak	Santingan	pelesir

From those observation, we can see they have the different word but they have the same meaning this also cause by geographical area. 

3.1 SOME THEORIES

Wolfram (2004) 

calls the dialect of such an area a remnant dialect and, in doing so, reminds us that not everything in such a dialect is a relic of the past for such areas also have their own innovations.

Trudgill’s book (1999)

They also attempt to relate that distribution to the historical development of the language, both internally, i.e., inguistically, and externally, i.e., politically, socially, and culturally.

Kretzschmar

when we call something dialect A and something else dialect B we are dealing with somewhat vague concepts, for the realities are quite fuzzy; any concepts we may have about an ‘ideal speaker’ or a ‘dialect boundary’ reside at least as much in our heads as they do in the data.

Lane (2000)

the local dialect ‘is the result of a constant situation that led to the formation of a new dialect as a result of  assive in-migration . . . a new system created largely out of materials selected from competing systems in contact and from innovations that indexed the new local linguistic community’

Variation is something proof of language change. It also show that human always think and change their way of speech. Then, regional become an interesting  aspect of variation of language that occur in almost every local area as we pass along our journey.  But, not all of the characteristic may fill. As in the Seluma dialect and Manna dialect, they have a characteristic as dialect , that were the different pronunciation and the different words. It means not all of the variation they can make a new innovation as they both do not have any new syntax. But, we can not say iit accent because it have pronunciation only it have the different form of word, we can see as ‘pelesiran’ and ‘ngerayau’  or ’senandutan’ and santingan’.

There were many aspect that may influence the dialect.  Then, the most influence come from  geographic area. The area of Manna is coast area consider with Seluma that near the high area mountain. They both have many different social context from the different geographic area as well.

As the system of how the dialect come still  make confusion, then  it still  make the confusion in the both border area. The study of the bias in the border area still  become a long study to be a research.

Finally I can say that the theory is match to the condition of Seluma and Manna. Also,  it is relevan for all that happen in both dialect.  It show that the study of sociolinguistic is the same for one are and athers in the world. 

3.2 CONCLUSION

Code is a great  study that still have any variation of language. One language can has many variation as one variation can have many dialect. The, every dialect have its own unique of them. For all of the study that may still  leave some confusion. It can show that the different of dialect have also  many factor.

One dialect to another that may nearly in the geographic area can be different  it the geographic area it self different as well. They are show the different pronunciation like ‘nidau’ and ‘nido’ or ‘ngapau’  and ‘ngapo’ as in Manna dialect and Seluma dialect.  Also the different of word appear in this term  as  ‘pelesiran’ in Manna and ‘ ngerayau’ in Seluma.  This all thing because the transition area. Then, that become an interesting study of sociolinguistic.

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